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8.Arunoday Bajpai
No doubt China has scored the fater growth rate than India in last three decades. While in 1980, the economies of both were at same place, since 1990s, China has moved ahead of India. At present, Chinese economy is five time to the size of Indian economy. China started liberalizing her economy since 1978 but India did so only in 1991. However, it is not merely a matter of time gap. In each indicator of economic development, size of economy, size of global trade, foreign investment, foreign exchange, infrastructure and external engagement-China is well ahead of India. Though I am not an expert in economics, for a layman, the following may be the main reasons for the faster development of China:

毫无疑问，在过去的三十年中，中国的经济增长率要高于印度。虽然在1980年，两国的经济处于同一水平，但自20世纪90年代以来，中国已经超越了印度。目前，中国经济是印度经济规模的五倍。中国自1978年开始实行经济自由化，但印度直到1991年才这样做。然而，这不仅仅是时间差距的问题。在经济发展、经济规模、全球贸易规模、外国投资、外汇、基础设施和对外交往的各项指标中，中国都遥遥领先于印度。虽然我不是经济学专家，但对于一个外行来说，以下可能是中国更快发展的主要原因:

The centralized authoritarian communist regime of China not only provided political stability needed for development, but also facilitated the quick decision -making and effective implementation of development projects in China. On the the contrary India lost the decade of 1990s amidst the political instability caused by coalition government. India’s democratic regime kept on debating the merits and demerits of globalization in India for long time. The democratic process and and bureaucratic inertia not only delayed the decision on development projects but also failed to effectively implement and monitor the projects, leading to low outcome and rise in cost of projects.

中国不仅提供了发展所需的政治稳定，而且促进了中国发展项目的快速决策和有效实施。相反，在联合政府造成的政治不稳定中，印度失去了20世纪90年代的十年。印度的民主政权长期以来一直在辩论全球化在印度的利弊。民主进程和官僚主义的惰性不仅拖延了发展项目的决策，而且也未能有效地执行和对项目进行监测，导致项目成果不佳，成本上升。



Yet I argue that India should not emulate the Chinese path of development, because we cannot sacrifice our democracy, which is a sign of political and social development in India. India has to find out and evolve its own democratic model of faster development. If we compare India’s economic development between two periods: 1950–1990 and 19991-to present, India has shown that it has the potential to seek the goal of fast economic development under the democratic regime.

但我认为，印度不应效仿中国的发展道路，因为我们不能牺牲我们的民主，这是印度政治和社会发展的一个标志。印度必须找到自己的加快发展的民主模式。如果我们比较一下印度在1950-1990年和1991-目前两个时期的经济发展速度就会知道，印度有潜力在民主制度下寻求经济的快速发展。

9.Thinker
The GDP of country is comprised of goods and services it produces. For there to be growth either there must new people in population(population increase) of country producing or per capita productivity increases.

一个国家的gdp由其生产的商品和服务组成。要实现增长，就必须增加生产国的人口，或提高人均生产力。

Now when we talk of growing per capita productivity we have to make people more skillful and use their enhanced skill to generate some goods and services.

现在，当我们谈到人均生产力的增长时，我们必须使人们更有技能，并利用他们增强的技能来生产一些商品和提供一些服务。

So somebody has to train people to be more skillful and somebody has to use their skills for something productive.

因此，必须有人训练人们变得更有技能，必须有人将他们的技能用于有用的事情上。

First let’s come to where people are currently employed and why their productivity is not currently being used to their potential.

首先，让我们来看看人们当前的就业状况以及为什么目前还没有发挥出他们的潜力。

The largest sector with respect to employment is agriculture. There are too many people employed in it so most of the work is done by manual labour where as it can be done machines. If there are less people in agriculture and more machines not only per capita productivity of people in agriculture will increase but also to make those machines people will be employed and their productivity will increase.

提供就业方面最大的部门是农业。有太多的人受雇于它，所以大部分的工作是由手工劳动完成的，因为本可以由机器完成这些工作。如果农业人口减少，机器增多，不仅农业人口的人均生产率会提高，而且制造这些机械的人口也会得到雇用，生产率也会提高。



11.Anonymous
I have seen many answers in economic aspects, and many of them menrioned the infrastructure. I am here trying to look into the quetion in geological and historical point of view.

在经济方面，我已经看到了许多答案，其中许多是关于基础设施的。我在这里试图从地质学和历史学的角度来研究这个问题。

in geology, China is composed by many blocks, and the interaction with those block create mountains, faults and earthQuakes. Two main rivers crossing China from west to east, but they are very unstable with a lot of channel changing, created many floods and killed many people in the history.

在地质学上，中国由许多板块组成，与这些板块的相互作用产生了山脉、断层和地震。两条主要河流自西向东横穿中国，但是它们非常不稳定，河道变化频繁，历史上造成了许多洪水，淹死了许多人。

India is one large block and it is flatter than China, with big rivers but more stable than China.

印度是一个大国，比中国平坦，有大河，但比中国稳定。

So comparatively India actually have better geological environment for industry than China. But if you look into details and history. The geological environment in China has been intensively optimized!!

因此，相比较而言，印度的工业地质环境实际上比中国更好。但是如果你仔细观察细节和历史。中国的地质环境得到了深度的优化！

China has a history of united empire for many thousand of years. in order to get the emperor assigned officers, sitting in a horse driven car, in place as soon as possible, Chinese has been building roads for many thousands of years, and damaging of those roads are considered to be rebellion. True it is difficult to build road in mountains, but if you have a existing roads for many centuries, it is much easier and safer.

中国有着千百年的统一帝国的历史。为了让皇帝指派的官员坐在马车里尽快上任，中国人已经有几千年的修建道路的历史了，破坏道路被认为是叛乱。的确，在山区修路很困难，但是如果你有一条已经存在了几个世纪的路，那就更容易，也更安全。

For rivers, the Chinese civilization starts with hydraulic construction. For over 4000 years of hydraulic construction, the monster of rivers were tamed and provide great economic values.

至于河流，中华文明始于水利建设。经过4000多年的水利建设，这个庞大的河流被驯服了，并提供了巨大的经济价值。

Actually, construction in China is simpler than you think, you just need do modern modification on the existing ones, you do not have to build it from the wild, you do not need to worry about it would be destroyed by geological hazards, because it stands there for many centuries already. The same with bridge designs, you just need to look into the local history records and you find the perfect model.

事实上，中国的建筑比你想象的要简单，你只需要对现有的建筑进行现代化的改造，你不需要从野外重新建造它，你不需要担心它会被地质灾害破坏，因为它已经在那里矗立了许多个世纪。桥梁设计也一样，你只需要查阅当地的历史记录，你就会找到完美的模型。

Sadly, though as long history as China have, India do not have long history as united empire, constructions are destroyed, cities are ruined and records are losing. There is not much you can learn from the past, so you need to build a nation from all the beginning.

遗憾的是，中国有着悠久的历史，但印度并没有长久的统一帝国的历史，建筑被摧毁，城市被毁，记录丢失。你从过去学不到什么东西，所以你需要从头开始建设一个国家。

12.Pranjay Varshney
1. Brain Drain

1.人才流失

We Indians are really smart, innovative and insightful. Many top companies have Indian CEOs, lots of doctors, engineers, professors abroad are of Indian origin. India has the ability and intelligence to develop itself into a technologically advanced nation. There are tens of thousands of “extremely talented” people in India but what matters is which country these talents are contributing to. Indians like to work in the US, Europe and want to settle there with their families. They never come back to India. So, the brain drain is the real problem.

我们印度人真的很聪明，富有创新精神和洞察力。许多顶级公司都有印度籍的ceo，许多医生、工程师和海外教授都是印度裔。印度有能力和智力把自己发展成一个技术先进的国家。印度有数以万计的“极具天赋”的人才，但重要的是这些人才为哪个国家做出了贡献。印度人喜欢在美国和欧洲工作，希望与家人一起在那里定居。他们再也没有回到印度。所以，人才流失才是真正的问题。

2. China''s Talent Policy

2.中国的人才政策



Let’s discuss another scenario. Though Indians are hardworking we lag behind in almost every sphere. We know an ordinary piece of iron has no power to attract. But when it gets magnetized, it acquires so much power. The people of India are divided on the basis of caste, creed, language, religion and so on and hence everyone is trying to serve own short-term interest. Most of our energy is wasted in these matters. Our political leaders instead of aligning everyone, try to divide them. But here china’s communist govt has excel in unifying the nation to develop and prosper.

让我们来讨论另一种情况。尽管印度人辛勤工作，但我们在几乎所有领域都落后了。我们知道一块普通的铁是没有吸引力的。但是当它被磁化的时候，它获得了很大的能量。印度人民因种姓、信仰、语言、宗教等原因而产生分歧，因此每个人都试图谋求自己的短期利益。我们的大部分精力都浪费在这些事情上了。我们的政治领导人不是团结所有人，而是试图分裂他们。但在这方面，中国在统一国家、促进发展和繁荣方面做得很出色。

CONCLUSION : For a long-term gain, we Indians need to give up our short term gains or gratification. We need to understand that hard work with patience is the key to development and prosperity in the long run. That time will definitely come when we will develop the US and Europe like infrastructure and lifestyle. Till then Work, work and work.

结论:为了长期的利益，我们印度人需要放弃我们的短期利益或满足感。我们需要明白，耐心地努力工作，是长期发展和繁荣的关键。到那时，我们一定会有像美国和欧洲一样的基础设施和生活方式。在那之前，工作，工作，再工作。

13.Ajith Cg
India''s politicians concentrate their energy and focus on retaining power and their fortunes. While Chinese govt is governed by one party. They have channelised their focus on development and decision making was decisive and to an extent autocratic with no one to question or hinder progress once a decision is made. Also Chinese are extremely hard working and intelligent.

印度的政治家们把精力集中在了保持权力和财富上。而中国的政府是由一党统治的。他们把注意力集中在了发展上。他们做出的决策是决定性的，在某种程度上，一旦做出决定，就没有人会质疑或试图阻碍它。而且中国人非常勤奋和聪明。

14.Pranab Bhandari
The various techniques adopted by China to make profits globally and to be a nation who invests wisely to add more earnings has been a prime factor of its growth over the years. The difference between India and China lies in the rate of industrialization as it is the key to nation building and developments.

多年来，中国采用各种技术在全球获取利润，成为一个以明智投资增加更多收入的国家，这一直是中国经济增长的主要因素。印度和中国的不同之处在于工业化的速度，因为它是国家建设和发展的关键。

The comparative rate of growth in China can be attributed to the following reasons:

中国的相对快速的经济增长率可归结于以下原因:

First of all, the Chinese government is taking the initiative to have countless recruitment teams and have delegated groups to find out talents.

首先，中国正在主动组建无数的招聘团队，并委派团队寻找人才。

The Chinese government has set up policies which are very entrepreneur friendly to promote new start-ups aiding them with huge subsidies.

中国制定了一些对企业家非常友好的政策，用巨额补贴来帮助创业者。



In 1990 His Global Output by Value was 3% only.But now it is 25%

1990年，他的产值仅占全球产值的3%。但现在是25%

80% AC''s are made by China.

80%的空调是中国制造的。

70% Smartphones are made by China.

70%的智能手机是中国制造的。

60% Shoes are made by China.

60%的鞋子是中国制造的。

74% Solarcell are made by China.

74%的太阳能电池是中国制造的。

60% Cement made by China.

60%水泥是中国制造的。

50% Coal product are made by China.

50%的煤炭是中国制造的。

45% Ship Building is by China.

45%的造船业务由中国承担。

50% Steel of this planet produced by China.

地球上50%的钢铁都是中国制造的。

50% Apple from China where USA only 6%. Notice the difference 44% .

50%的苹果是中国制造的，而美国只有6%。注意到44%的差距。

And Now it has become 2nd largest economy of the World with $23.25 Trillion after United States

如今，中国已经成为世界第二大经济体，经济规模仅次于23.25万亿美元的美国。

With $2.2Trillion it is number 1 export leader in the World.

中国的出口额为2.2万亿美元，是世界第一大出口国。

Even America''s 90% flags are made by China.

甚至90%的美国国旗都是中国制造的。

60% most branded Luxuries are made in China. You should not think that China only make cheap products.

中国制造了60%的奢侈品，你不应该认为中国只生产廉价产品。

They had lifted 80 Crores of population out of poverty in just 25 years.

他们在短短25年内使8亿人口摆脱了贫困。

How it''s happening???

为什么会这样？

Massive Production

大规模生产

They work very smarter not harder why I am saying this, they observe the market product which is trending no matter from where it has made, they just simply open it make the and list out what thing they had used and copied it.

他们工作得更聪明，而不是更努力，为什么我这么说，他们观察市场的热门产品，不管它是从哪里生产的，他们只是简单地打开它，列出里面使用的东西，然后复制它。

They have skilled and cost effective labour

他们拥有技术熟练的廉价劳动力。

Government is stable

政府是稳定的。

They have more number of graduate with skills.

他们有更多的有技能的毕业生。

They have good power supply

他们有很好的电力供应。



One has to only follow electioneering & campaign speeches to understand how much importance Indian Politicians really give to economic development. In just concluded elections one of our greatest economic reformer, our great Prime Minister Narendra Modi, a self-aggrandized Lee Kaun Yew of India, spent almost all his campaign time peddling fear under the garb of Nationalism. Now if that is the approach of a self-proclaimed Lee Kuan Yew of India, what better can we as Indian’s expect of lesser mortals who make the remainder of our 543 Member of Parliament.

人们只需要关注竞选活动和竞选演讲，就能理解印度政治家对经济发展的重视程度。我们最伟大的经济改革家之一、伟大的印度总理纳伦德拉.莫迪，他是一个自吹自擂的印度李光耀。在刚刚结束的选举中，他几乎一直在披着民族主义外衣兜售恐惧。如果这就是自称为印度李光耀的人的做法，那么作为印度人，我们还能对543名国会议员中剩余那些不那么重要的人物有什么更好的期待吗？

So to summarize my above diatribe in brief, as long as cows & temples remain our Number 1 priority, not only China but even Vietnam, Philippines and other countries more focussed on eating cow than saving her will develop faster than India.

所以简单地总结一下，只要牛和寺庙仍然是我们的首要任务，那么不仅是中国，甚至越南，菲律宾和其他更关注吃牛而不是拯救它的国家都会比印度发展得更快。

17.George Tait Edwards
The Chinese understand and practice Shimomuran-Wernerian no-cost Investment Credit Creation Macro-economics while the Indians do not.

中国人理解和实践了下村式的无成本投资信贷宏观经济学，而印度人不理解。

Some observers think that India has made a great mistake by stressing the development of services under the mistaken idea that India could become a post-industrial economy and skip the manufacturing industry stage.

一些观察人士认为，印度在强调服务业发展时犯了一个巨大的错误，他们错误地认为，印度可以成为一个后工业化经济体，并直接跳过制造业阶段。

But manufacturing industry everywhere has been the foundation of working class prosperity as well as (via SMEs) providing the source of development of invention, innovation and high technology. It is not a stage that can be successfully skipped.

但是，世界各地的制造业一直是工人阶级繁荣的基础，同时(通过中小企业)也为发明、创新和高科技的发展提供了源泉。这不是一个可以成功跳过的阶段。

Conclusion

总结



Been greatly damaged by foreign exploitation and war during the industrial revolution and the early 20th century, which greatly set back both economically

在工业革命和20世纪初期，受到外国剥削和战争的严重破坏，两国的经济都大为倒退。

Attained independence at roughly the same times (China in 1949, and India in 1947),

在大致相同的时间(中国是1949年，印度是1947年)获得独立。

Similar locations with similarly-sized cultural spheres of influence (Greater India and the Sinosphere) (Had) both adopted socialistic economic policies during their initial years of independence.

在独立后的最初几年里，具有相似文化影响力的地区(大印度和中国圈)都采取了社会主义经济政策。

So, considering the similarities between the two great powers, why has China overtaken India?

那么，考虑到这两个大国之间的相似之处，为什么中国会超过印度呢？

Well China has partially followed the the same path that Japan, Taiwan, South Korea did when they rapidly industrialized.

中国在部分地沿着日本、台湾、韩国快速工业化时的道路前进。

First step in this path is land reform. In China the land reform started from bottom up and Chinese government failed to prevent it, then Deng Xiaoping publicly endorsed it when it became success. South-east Asia (like India) is a region in which serious land reforms are off the political agenda. In India there have been successful land reforms only on some regions.

这条道路的第一步是土地改革。在中国，土地改革是自下而上开始的，中国没有阻止它，当它取得成功时，还公开表示支持。东南亚(像印度一样)是一个在政治议程上并不严肃的土地改革。在印度，只有一些地区进行了成功的土地改革。

There are other steps after land reform, like effective infant manufacturing industry policy etc. But India, Indonesia, Philippines and other countries that were left behind did not take even this first step.

土地改革后还有其他措施，如有效的生育政策等。但是印度、印度尼西亚、菲律宾和其他落后的国家甚至没有迈出这第一步。

In fact, the land reform here is not just about land. It is a social reform of the entire nation. Because then the main economics is agriculture, redistributing land is effectively redistributing wealth, that is, to eliminate (most of) class differences.

事实上，这里的土地改革不仅仅是土地问题。这是一场全国性的社会改革。因为那时的主要经济是农业，重新分配土地是重新分配财富，也就是消除(大部分)阶级差异的有效手段。

For some reason many Indian people do not realize this. In my opinion it is a necessary step toward modernization. Without land reform, you will have to go through some type of privatization process which can be more painful and less equal.

出于某种原因，许多印度人没有意识到这一点。在我看来，这是走向现代化的必要一步。如果不进行土地改革，你将不得不经历某种类型的私有化过程，这种过程可能更痛苦，更不平等。

It will be interesting to see how India tackle it in the future.

看看印度在未来如何解决这个问题将会很有意思。



20.Vijayaraghavan S
The main reason is the democracy of India people are almost free to do whatever they want and to work or not to work and involving strikes and scams we are giving development ask the price for our freedom

主要原因是，印度人民几乎可以自由地做他们想做的任何事情，不论是工作还是不工作。罢工和欺诈就是我们获得自由的代价。